Using an innovative icebreaker in EFL classes to assess and enhance students’ speaking competence

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54855/ijli.25411

Keywords:

Ice-breaker, speaking competence, classroom climate, English as a foreign language, Innovative learning

Abstract

Icebreakers have proved advantageous to the foreign language (L2) classroom. However, there is no known documented research on the ‘How much do you use?’ toilet paper icebreaker activity in L2 classes. This study seeks to conduct initial research on its incorporation. The authors sought to ascertain learners’ and instructors’ perceptions of this icebreaker in L2 contexts. Eight undergraduate students of Applied Foreign Languages learning English as a Foreign Language (EFL) and their instructor at Clermont Auvergne University participated in the study. Data were collected via an Instagram poll and the instructor’s checklist and observation notes, which were analyzed through the qualitative method. Major findings show that students appreciated the icebreaker and considered it entertaining, memorable, original, and engaging. The instructor found that the icebreaker preliminarily evaluated the learners’ linguistic (speaking) skills. However, toilet paper as an apparatus in this icebreaker may raise concerns of potential cultural sensitivity; therefore, the instructor should be mindful of the socio-cultural learning context. In this article, the authors highlighted the benefits and concerns of using this icebreaker and ways to lessen or overcome possible challenges.

Author Biographies

Oneil N. Madden, Northern Caribbean University, Jamaica

Oneil Madden is an applied linguist and PhD candidate in language sciences (L2 didactics) at the Laboratoire de Recherche sur le Langage (LRL), attached to  Clermont Auvergne University (UCA) in France, where he taught for five years. He served as French Language Coordinator for three years and interim Chair of the Department of Humanities at Northern Caribbean University in Jamaica. He is currently a lecturer of Academic Literacy and French at the Language Teaching and Research Centre (LTRC) within the Faculty of Education and Liberal Studies (FELS), which falls under the School of Humanities and Social Sciences (SHSS) at the University of Technology (UTech), Jamaica. His research interests include telecollaboration, multimodal instruction, online pedagogical scenarios, gamification in language education, foreign language teaching strategies, and foreign language teacher training and pedagogy.

Roman R. Robinson, Department of Mathematics, Westwood High School for Girls, Jamaica

Roman Robinson is an educator who holds a Bachelor of Education (B.Ed.) in Mathematics from The University of the West Indies and Shortwood Teachers’ College. He is also TESOL/TEFL certified. With three years of teaching experience, he has worked in both public and private educational institutions. Currently, he teaches Mathematics and Pure Mathematics at Westwood High School for Girls. Roman has always had a deep passion for languages, which he actively incorporates into his teaching methodology to enhance students’ understanding of mathematical concepts. He is also an avid learner of Spanish.

References

Alamsyah (2017). The Use of Ice Breaker to Improve Students’ Speaking Ability at the Junior High School (Smp Negeri 3 Ma’rang) Pangkep. Retrieved from https://digilibadmin.unismuh.ac.id/upload/990-Full_Text.pdf

Apsari, Y. (2014). The use of authentic materials in teaching reading comprehension. ELTIN JOURNAL, Journal of English Language Teaching in Indonesia, 2(2), 88-94. https://doi.org/10.22460/eltin.v2i2.p%25p

Astuti, A. R., Solihat, A., & Satriani, I. (2020). The Influence of Ice Breaker to Students’ Motivation in Teaching English. Professional Journal of English Education (PROJECT), 3(2), 210–216. https://doi.org/10.22460/project.v3i2.p210-216 DOI: https://doi.org/10.22460/project.v3i2.p210-216

Bandura, A. (1978). Social Learning Theory. Contemporary Sociology a Journal of Reviews, 7(1), 84. https://doi.org/10.2307/2065952 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2065952

Chiu, T. K. F. (2021). Student engagement in K-12 online learning amid COVID-19: A qualitative approach from a self-determination theory perspective. Interactive Learning Environments, 31(6), 3326–3339. https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2021.1926289 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2021.1926289

Cleland, J. A. (2017). The qualitative orientation in medical education research. Korean J Med Educ, 29(2), 61-71. https://doi.org/10.3946/kjme.2017.53 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3946/kjme.2017.53

Crowl, J. N. (2024). The Classroom Reimagined: Setting the Tone, Artificial Intelligence and Icebreaker Strategies. Journal of Criminal Justice Education, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1080/10511253.2024.2350986 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10511253.2024.2350986

Dansou, B. Y., Mensah, M. M., & Zinsouvi, S. D. C. (2024). Managing Foreign Language Anxiety (FLA) Using Ice Breakers in Beninese English for Specific Purpose (ESP) Classes. International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology (IJISRT), 9(7), pp. 976-985. https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/IJISRT24JUL460 DOI: https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/IJISRT24JUL460

Dhuhria, A. R. (2020). Exploring icebreaker usage in English language classroom. Retrieved from https://repository.ar-raniry.ac.id/id/eprint/16706/1/Ayu%20Rizka%20Dhuhria,%20150203183,%20FTK,%20PBI,%20082362574437.pdf

Dinh, T. H. T. (2023). The effect of video clips on students’ speaking performance. International Journal of Language Instruction, 2(1), 40-50. https://doi.org/10.54855/ijli.23214 DOI: https://doi.org/10.54855/ijli.23214

Dörnyei, Z. (2007). Research methods in applied linguistics. New York: Oxford University Press.

Ellis, K. (2004). The impact of perceived teacher confirmation on receiver apprehension, motivation, and learning. Communication Education, 53(1), 1–20. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/0363452032000135742

Eragamreddy, N. (2024). The Effect of Icebreakers on Undergraduate Libyan Students’ Motivation and Willingness to Communicate In English. The Journal of Teaching English for Specific and Academic Purposes, 12(3), 639-660. https://doi.org/10.22190/JTESAP240909049E DOI: https://doi.org/10.22190/JTESAP240909049E

Farrokhi, F., & Mahmoudi-Hamidabad, A. (2012). Rethinking convenience sampling: Defining quality criteria. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 2(4), 784–792. https://doi.org/10.4304/tpls.2.4.784-792 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4304/tpls.2.4.784-792

Fitria, T. N. (2023). Breaking the Ice in the Classroom: Using Ice Breaking in the Teaching and Learning Process. Borneo Journal of English Language Education, 5(1), 23-38. https://doi.org/10.35334/bjele.v5i1.4210 DOI: https://doi.org/10.35334/bjele.v5i1.4210

Flavell, J. H. (1979). Metacognition and cognitive monitoring: a new area of cognitive developmental inquiry. American Psychologist, 34, 906-911. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.34.10.906 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037//0003-066X.34.10.906

Forbes-Green, S. (1982). The Encyclopaedia of icebreakers: Structured activities that warm-up, motivate, challenge, acquaint and energize, package. Pfeiffer. Retrieved from https://demo.locate.ebsco.com/instances/8ba07a39-9933-402e-ac34-d4c00f600513?option=title&query=Core%20collection

Gardner, R. C., Clément, R., Smythe, P. C., & Smythe, C. L. (1979). The Attitude/Motivation Test Battery—Revised Manual. Research Bulletin No. 15. Language Research Group, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada

Ghafar, Z. N. (2023). Positive Reinforcement: An Approach to Enhancing Accountability and Drive among Students. International Journal of Applied Educational Research (IJAER), 1(1), 11-20.

Hariati, N. (2018). The Use of Icebreakers (Two Truths and A Lie) to Improve Speaking Ability for EFL Learners. Voices of English Language Education Society, 2(2). https://doi.org/10.29408/veles.v2i2.861 DOI: https://doi.org/10.29408/veles.v2i2.861

Hoseini Shavoun, A. , Adeli, S. H. and Ahmari-Tehran, H. (2024). Fostering Engagement: A Review of Icebreakers in Academic Environments. Medical Education Bulletin, 5(2), 949-959.

Johnson, L. (2012). Kick-start your class academic icebreaker to engage students. NY: Jossey-Bass Press.

Kavanagh, M., Clark, M., & Wood, L. (2011). The first class: Using icebreakers to facilitate transition in a tertiary environment. Asian Social Science, 7(4), 84-92. https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v7n4p84 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v7n4p84

Kent, C., & Rechavi, A. (2020). Content-Structure Proxies for Remote Interactive Learning. In: Content Meets Structure - Integrating Different Perspectives on Social Networks (CoMeS), Heidelberg, Germany.

Kukla, A. (2013). Social constructivism and the philosophy of science. In Routledge eBooks. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203130995 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203130995

Madden, O.N., Williams, O., Zitha, I., Daley, J-L., & Waite, R. (2024). Teletandem and the development of intercultural communicative competence: Reflections from the ClerKing project. Language Education and Technology (LET Journal), 4(2), 151-169. https://www.langedutech.com/letjournal/index.php/let/article/view/80

Madden, O., Sweeney, R., & Gonzales, A. (2023). Exploring the Use of Live Interactive Worksheets in Foreign Language Classes: Perceptions of Students and Teachers. International Journal of Language Instruction, 2(4), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.54855/ijli.23241 DOI: https://doi.org/10.54855/ijli.23241

Madden, O. N. (2022a). Edutainment: assessing students’ perceptions of Kahoot! as a review tool in French L2 classes. In Arnbjörnsdóttir, Birna; Bédi, Branislav; Bradley, Linda; Friðriksdóttir, Kolbrún; Garðarsdóttir, Hólmfríður; Thouësny, Sylvie; Whelpton, Matthew James (Eds), Intelligent CALL, granular systems and learner data: short papers from EUROCALL 2022 (pp. 240-245). Research-publishing.net. https://doi.org/10.14705/rpnet.2022.61.1465 DOI: https://doi.org/10.14705/rpnet.2022.61.1465

Madden, O. (2022b). Fostering foreign language student teachers’ glocal competence through telecollaboration. Australian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 5(3), 158–178. https://doi.org/10.29140/ajal.v5n3.53si4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.29140/ajal.v5n3.53si4

Mepieza, R. Y. (2023). The Power of Ice Breaker Activity: Examining the Impact of Icebreakers on Student Participation and Engagement in the Classroom. Journal of Learning on History and Social Sciences, 1(1), 22–36. https://doi.org/10.61796/ejlhss.v1i1.8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.61796/ejlhss.v1i1.8

Muhajirah, M. (2020). Basic of Learning Theory: (Behaviorism, Cognitivism, Constructivism, and Humanism). International Journal of Asian Education, 1(1), 37–42. https://doi.org/10.46966/ijae.v1i1.23 DOI: https://doi.org/10.46966/ijae.v1i1.23

Patel, G. P. (2020). Icebreakers and warmers: Effective tools in developing spoken English. Pune Research, 6(1), 1–6. http://puneresearch.com/media/data/issues/5e36dd04b89c8.pdf

Rozali, W. N., & Amin, N. M. (2019). Increasing Language Learner’s Confidence in Speaking English through a Role Play Activity, “Celebrity Chef”. International Journal of Modern Languages and Applied Linguistics, 3(3), 53-59. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24191/ijmal.v3i3.7683

Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2017). Self-Determination Theory: Basic psychological needs in motivation, development, and wellness. In Guilford Press eBooks. https://doi.org/10.1521/978.14625/28806 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1521/978.14625/28806

Saha, S. K., & Singh, S. (2021). Investigating the Development of Speaking Skill through Language Games in Technologically Underequipped EFL Classroom. MEXTESOL Journal, 45(3), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.61871/mj.v45n3-10 DOI: https://doi.org/10.61871/mj.v45n3-10

Sasan, JMV., Tugbong, GM., & Alistre, KLC. (2023). An Exploration of Icebreakers and their Impact on Student Engagement in the Classroom. International Journal of Social Service and Research (IJSSR), 3(11), 2921-2930. https://doi.org/10.46799/ijssr.v3i11.566

Sari, D., Nelloe, M., Rofií, A., Putra, R., Fitriani, N., & Pattiasina, P. (2023). The Implementation Of Icebreaker Technique Toward Students’ Speaking Skill And Their Motivation In English language Teaching At Senior High School 1 Gunung Labuhan. Journal on Education, 6(1), 1673-1686. https://doi.org/10.31004/joe.v6i1.3131 DOI: https://doi.org/10.31004/joe.v6i1.3131

Sasan, J. M. V., Tugbong, G. M., & Alistre, K. L. C. (2023). An Exploration of Icebreakers and their Impact on Student Engagement in the Classroom. International Journal of Social Service and Research (IJSSR), 3(11), 2921-2930. https://doi.org/10.46799/ijssr.v3i11.566 DOI: https://doi.org/10.46799/ijssr.v3i11.566

Schrodt, P., Turman, P., & Soliz, J. (2006). Perceived understanding as a mediator of perceived teacher confirmation and students’ rating of instruction. Communication Education, 55, 370–388 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03634520600879196

Sidelinger, R. J., & Booth-Butterfield, M. (2010). Co-constructing student involvement: An examination of teacher confirmation and student-to-student connectedness in the college classroom. Communication Education, 59(2), 165–184. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03634520903390867

Tianjuan, Z. (2019). Methods of Stimulating Students’ Interest in English Learning. Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research (ASSEHR), volume 314, pp 472-475. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2991/icssed-19.2019.90

Şat, M., İlhan, F. & Yükseltürk, E. (2022). Web tools as e-icebreakers in online education. Journal of Educational Technology & Online Learning, 5(3), 721-737. https://doi.org/10.31681/jetol.1084512 DOI: https://doi.org/10.31681/jetol.1084512

Tuong, H. G. B. (2022). TVU Non-English Majors’ Attitudes toward Utilizing Oral Presentations to Overcome Speaking Difficulties in English Classroom. International Journal of Language Instruction, 1(1), 99-119. DOI: https://doi.org/10.54855/ijli.22119 DOI: https://doi.org/10.54855/ijli.22119

Varvel, E.V. (2002). Icebreakers. Retrieved from https://actxelearning.pbworks.com/f/icebreakersforOnlineclasses.pdf

Vo,T.A.D. (2022). Student’s Attitudes towards Communicative Activities on EFL Student’s Speaking Performance. International Journal of Language Instruction, 1(1), 143-154. DOI: https://doi.org/10.54855/ijli.221112 DOI: https://doi.org/10.54855/ijli.221112

Wong, L. P. (2008). Data Analysis in Qualitative Research: A Brief Guide to Using Nvivo. Malays Fam Physician, 3(1), 14-20. PMID: 25606106; PMCID: PMC4267019.

Yeganehpour, P. (2016). The effect of using different kind of icebreakers on upper intermediate language learners ability. International Journal on New Trends in Education and Their Implications, 3(6), 217-238. DOI: https://doi.org/10.16991/INESJOURNAL.195

Yeganehpour, P., & Takkaç, M. (2016). Using Icebreakers in Improving every Factor which considered in Testing Learners Speaking Ability. International Journal on New Trends in Education and Their Implications, 7(1), 58-68.

Downloads

Published

01-03-2025

How to Cite

Madden, N. O., & Robinson, R. R. (2025). Using an innovative icebreaker in EFL classes to assess and enhance students’ speaking competence. International Journal of Language Instruction, 4(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.54855/ijli.25411

Issue

Section

Research Article

Similar Articles

<< < 1 2 3 4 5 6 > >> 

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.